As a small start-up, Interface21 has developed a large, loyal community around the Spring Framework and Spring Portfolio projects. Venture capitalists have invested millions in open source companies and large vendors like IBM and BEA have spent millions of dollars attempting to crank up their marketing machines around their open source projects. In general, these efforts have not resulted in successful communities. In this presentation, we will explore the characteristics that all successful open source communities share as well as unsuccessful open source projects and how these characteristics are changing over time.